I finished the book of Judges tonight, reading chapters 17 though 21.
These final chapters don't really advance the chronological timeline of
Israel's history, but rather give us a terrifying glimpse into the moral
depravity of that era. "Chaos" should be the defining word for this
period. As the book closes, we come across what may be the single
most sickening, repulsive story in Scripture; the account of the Levite
and his concubine.
A few things to note:
1) A concubine was a
female servant, whose primary purpose was to bear children, thus
expanding her master's household and power. Sexual relationships outside
of one-man-one-woman-for-life are never condoned in Scripture, and
without fail, every time one is mentioned, we are able to observe the
heartache and tragedy that accompanies it.
2) Ancient pagan cultures often practiced polygamy (one man with
many wives and/or concubines), and its influence infiltrated the
Israelites throughout their history. Again, it is always wrong and a sin
against God.
3) Women were devalued in the ancient Near-East culture. The
advent of Christianity deserves much of the credit for raising women's
status above the traditional, devaluing status of household slave. Keep
this in mind--as modern liberal feminists tout the "oppression" of
Christian gender roles, remember that the age of grace brought to women
an increase in the way they were valued.
Back to the story: you are probably familiar with it. It's one we
often try not to read aloud, and we might skip over quickly when reading, but
it is in Scripture for a reason, it is part of the inspired word of God
himself, and it is there for our instruction. First, the unnamed girl,
the concubine of a Levite man, ran away from his house, back to her
father's home. Don't misinterpret this as an innocent escape. She
left---why? To "play the harlot." A harlot is a prostitute. Although we
may pity her grisly demise, we must also understand that she condoned,
pursued, and participated in acts of sexual wickedness. You reap what you sow, and in many ways, the tragic harlot's death suited the path she had chosen to follow.
After retrieving his runaway concubine, the man and his entourage
journey homeward, stopping to rest in the city of Gibeah. Gibeah was not
a foreign city; it belonged to the tribe of Benjamin---fellow
Israelites to the traveling Levite. Even so, the city proved so
debauched that it was no safer than the ancient cities of Sodom and
Gomorrah (in fact, this account parallels the Sodom and Gomorrah story
very closely, as if to say--look! Things are no better now than they
were then!).
In the course of the evening, the Levite's group is taken in by an
older man, and sure enough, as night falls, the sickly wicked men of the
city came to the house, wanting to have the Levite man handed over to
them for homosexual purposes. Wicked yes, but even more repulsing is
what the Levite and his host opted to do in such a dire situation...save
their own necks by tossing out the concubine girl to the crazed men.
The word Scripture uses to describe these men, "Belial," is used in the
New Testament as a name for Satan. The men abused the girl all night,
and as daylight came, they left her in the street. She dragged herself
to the door of the house where her "husband" was snuggled up cozily in
his bed, and she died there on the doorstep.
The story goes on to say how he discovered her there and told her to
"Get up, and let us be going." My ESV study Bible notes, "the Levite's
matter-of-fact reaction to his concubine's death illustrates his
callousness." And then, to incense the country over the incident, he
butchers her body into twelve pieces and sends a piece to each tribe in
Israel. I can't help but wonder if he did this to shift the blame onto
the debauchery of the men of Gibeah, and downplay his own responsibility
for the crime by tossing her out to save his own skin? It would seem to
fit. And, it did work: Israel erupted into a bloody civil war, and the
Levite man slinks into obscurity, and is not mentioned again.
Wow, what a terrible story. Instead of diving into the myriad of
ways we could extract moral lessons from this story, I want to use it as
a marker on your road, to emphasize why it is important for you to
understand the purpose, design, and precious value God places on manhood
and womanhood. When humanity deviates from his perfect blueprint, chaos
ensues and treachery reigns supreme. Don't be duped into believing that
our own culture is not so debased as Sodom, Gomorrah, or Gibeah. The
specifics may change, but the heart of mankind remains desperately sick
and full of darkness.
And, although we like to sympathize with the poor girl in the story,
whose pitiful life ended in a nightmare-come-true, we must own up and
realize that we are guilty perpetrators of the wickedness around us.
When was the last time we poured out our hearts in intercessory prayer
for our brothers, near and around the world? When have we taken
responsibility for the ominous crusade of feminism that has poisoned our
era and crippled our men? When have we admitted that we women are all
harlots at heart, desperately in need of a Savior?
It is time. There is no need to despair, no need to crumple in fear.
It is time to assess the hardness of our own hearts and the wanton
affections that we let reside there, little seeds of destruction that
grow and choke our souls. Return to your Savior, precious girls, now
while you are young and full of life and energy, now while the compass
of your life can still be set. Take joy, take hope, and take up the
torch of your noble-hearted sisters throughout history: for, "I
do not consider that I have made it my own. But one thing I do:
forgetting what lies behind and straining forward to what lies ahead, I press on toward the goal for the prize of the upward call of God in Christ Jesus." (Phil 3:13-15)
I too am doing the chronological reading/study of the Bible, and have also just read this story. You write really well and make good points. It is a sad, weird and heart-wrenching story on so many levels. I like the point that you make about it never being ok for man to have more than one wife. I do not think i have ever read that in the early OT. Could you expound on that? It would help me greatly, because I have an issue with this. A "confusion or misunderstanding" on why God would "allow" it. I just figured it was in the name of multiplying the human race, and it ended at the 10 commandments, when God made a new covenant.
ReplyDeleteThank you! :)
Hi Tamie! I'm so glad to hear you're reading your Bible and asking such great questions. It's critical that we correctly interpret what Scripture is saying in order to steer clear of false doctrines. A thorough answer to your question would fill many books (and has), but I hope these thoughts may help you:
Delete1) In the very beginning in Eden (before sin entered the world, when creation was perfect), God created male and female, one of each, and gave the woman to the man to be his helper and fill a special need in his life that no other created being could fill (Genesis 1:27, 2:24, 5:2). This blueprint for the first male-female relationship was set up by God as a one-man-one-woman lifelong, monogamous union.
2) When God gave the command to “be fruitful and multiply” in Genesis 1:28, there is no command to do so by having multiple wives/husbands/concubines/partners/friends with benefits, etc. Multiple times throughout the creation account, the uniqueness of one man and one woman being joined together is repeated. Within that one marriage context, the conception and bearing of children is a profound blessing and greatly to be desired. The goal of “multiplying” is not to simply pump out as many human beings as possible; the goal is to raise a well-ordered family, that your sons and daughters may be like “arrows in the hand of a warrior” influencing a godless world for Christ and carrying on a long-lasting legacy of faithfulness.
3) The first time a bigamous relationship is mentioned is in Genesis 4:19, where Lamech, a descendent of Cain, took two wives. The context is that the line of Cain was corrupted by rebellion and sin. From that point onward in the Bible, accounts of polygamy also portray the trouble it brings, and its dehumanizing, devaluing effect on women. Even though God never expressly condemned polygamy in the Old Testament, it is clear that the practice violated his perfectly designed marriage of one male and one female.
4) Later in Scripture, Jesus affirms this as the only right model for marriage by answering the Pharisees’ question about divorce with this statement: “He answered, ‘Have you not read that he who created them from the beginning made them male and female, and said, ‘Therefore a man shall leave his father and his mother and hold fast to his wife, and the two shall become one flesh’? So they are no longer two but one flesh. What therefore God has joined together, let not man separate.’ ”
5) In the New Testament, great value is placed on women (see 1 Peter 3:7) and as such equally-valued co-laborers for the kingdom, polygamy again cannot jive with God’s highly esteemed view of women. Also, for men to be qualified to be elders in the NT churches, they had to be “the husband of one wife” (1 Timothy 3:12). While it is true that some cultural specifics change over time, God is never inconsistent and does not “change his rules” based on what humanity is doing. He ordained a heterosexual, monogamous union in the very beginning, and that standard has never changed.
6) The most important thing to understand about human marriage is that it is not an end in itself. It is meant to be an illustration of Christ’s love for the Church. The Bible depicts Jesus as the bridegroom and the Church of believers as his beautiful, beloved Bride. As such, a polygamous marriage in no way fits in to the picture—never has, never will.
I highly recommend the ESV Study Bible—it has very helpful footnotes and a wealth of essays in the back—and I’m currently reading through Recovering Biblical Manhood and Womanhood by John Piper and Wayne Grudem; this book would be a great resource for you that may help clear up even more questions. Blessings to you as you mine the Scriptures for wisdom—remember, the word of God is “living and powerful, sharper than any two-edged sword, piercing to the division of soul and spirit, of joints and marrow, and discerning the thoughts and intentions of the heart.”